Aer Lingus

Aer Lingus is the national aircraft of Ireland. It is headquartered at Dublin Airport, Ireland. †¢The carrier works 43 airplane and continues normal 10 million travelers for every annum. †¢The aircrafts essential crucial to associate Ireland with the world and the world to Ireland by offering its clients the best item in the Irish carrier advertise at a serious cost. The airline’s essential markets are Ireland, the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States. The Irish individuals ordinarily attempt a few abroad flights a year. This is incompletely determined by Ireland’s status as an island country yet in addition mirrors the inborn affinity among the Irish to head out to visit abroad goals. tgp2012 1 Marketing direction Marketing direction In 2001 after the 9/11 impact on the aircraft business Aer Lingus presents their first model of low admissions to rival other low toll In 2001 after the 9/11 impact on the carrier business Aer Lingus presents their first model of low charges to contend with other low passage carriers. The aircraft was near insolvency and they needed to discover new waysairlines. the most effective method to stay with the above water. They did various to see The carrier was close tosurveys inside the business to discover new what was required/wantedtheorder to thrive. They did various insolvency and they needed to recognize approaches to perceive how to stay with in above water. So after the underlying overviews they brought down their charges and modified/evacuated/included new goals. Since thrive. ompany’s advertising overviews inside the business to recognize what was required/needed so as to then the So after the underlying studies they loweredupdated/overhauled commonly placing the client in theSince then the company’s showcasing direction has been their passages and changed/expelled/included new goals. driving seat. direction has been refreshed/overhauled ordinarily placing the client in the driving seat. Showcasing blend Marketing blend

Toyota Motor Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Toyota Motor Corporation - Essay Example Capital is one of the key angles analyzed here. The organization gainfulness in 2011 has gone down and capital subsidizing diminished. It has a huge capital save .the main quarter has encountered a decline of 17.2% in deals. This demonstrates future drops and estimate with the financial occasions. Obligation to value proportion is 0.69. This shows the organization is more supported with value than obligations. Current proportion of is 1.0 in the previous one year. This shows the organization has liquidity esteem by and large. There have not been huge changes in its investors value inside the primary quarter. This demonstrates the investors have not neglected their obligations in this organization. Character is examined regarding the eagerness to reimburse the advance. A credit report is produced on Toyota’s borrowings, charge settlements, any court procedures on default, past loaners, and by and large respecting the obligations. The length of the current obligation is broke down just as the sum owed. Toyota is current paying a fine of $16.4 million for a review suit. This has endangered the force administration in the car business. FICO scores of 300-800 are utilized and it is stated, the higher the score the better the client is worth. Security is the benefit or assurance set that can be seized by the organization in the event that the client default in reimbursements. At Toyota, current resources and fixed resources remains at 28 387 556 yen a drop from last year’s estimation of 29 million yen.

Top 10 Ways to Get Into a Top College - Things Colleges Watch Out For

Top 10 Ways to Get Into a Top College - Things Colleges Watch Out For The 2010 survey of independent college consultants was released in June 2010 and highlights the“Top Ten Strengths and Experiences Colleges Look for in High School Students.”   The list changes every time it’s compiled, an event that occurs every few years.   Your grades, test scores, and the rigor of your high school curriculum still top the list.   But there are some changes from prior years. Guess what?   The importance of the application essay has moved up in the list   from #7 to #6 since the last survey!   Part of the reason for this is that many colleges have begun to make the SAT and ACT optional with “test optional” policies.   The admissions essay continues to be more important to private liberal arts colleges than it is at large state universities, so if you are targeting Ivy League and other top private schools, put some focused attention on the essay part of your application. It’s hard to write a good essay without good material.   Not surprisingly, factors #4 and #7-10 are all essay-related as well.   “Passionate involvement in a few activities, demonstrating leadership and initiative,” which ranks #4, gives you great essay material.  â€œSpecial talents or experiences” comes in at #7 and is also fodder for an outstanding essay, as is “demonstrated leadership in activities” (#8), a factor that showed up for the first time on the list this year. It is crystal clear from this list that schools are not looking for well-rounded students â€" they are looking for leaders.   It is much more important to get deeply involved in a few activities than to do a little of everything.   And you’ll have a lot more to write about in your college application essay if you take on leadership positions that require you to manage people, organize big projects and events, and grow as a person. Note that succeeding in these areas requires some planning ahead.   If you are not a harp player already by the time you are entering your senior year of high school, it is unlikely that you will become one.   If you haven’t been deeply involved in a student organization, it might be difficult to take on leadership suddenly.   It’s more important than ever to find your passion early and follow it. Finally, “demonstrated enthusiasm to attend” ranked #10 in the survey.   Take this factor under advisement as you write your college essay.   You would do well to write something about why you want to attend a particular school, especially if it’s your first or second choice.   Just make sure to send the correct essay to each school, mentioning the school you’re applying to and not another school!  Mixing this one up is a great way to get yourself into the “no” pile (and it happens all the time). Thankfully, you have a lot of guidance about how to get into the “yes” pile.   Determine where you will most stand out as an interesting candidate with leadership abilities, and write a great essay about it. For help on your college essay from The Essay Expert, contact us at info@TheEssayExpert.com or by phone at 608-467-0067 OR 717-390-6696.

Illinois State University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Illinois State University is a public university with an acceptance rate of 89%. Established in 1857, Illinois State University is the oldest public university in the state of Illinois. The campus is located in Normal, a small city less than three hours from Chicago, St. Louis, and Indianapolis. The university has broad academic strengths, and programs in business, education, and nursing are all highly regarded nationally. Students can choose from more than 200 academic majors and minors. Classes are supported by a 19-to-1  student/faculty ratio, and about two-thirds of classes have fewer than 30 students. In athletics, the Illinois State Redbirds compete in the NCAA Division I  Missouri Valley Conference. The university fields 17 Division I teams. Considering applying to Illinois State University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Illinois State University had an acceptance rate of 89%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 89 students were admitted, making Illinois States admissions process somewhat less competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 12,886 Percent Admitted 89% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 32% SAT Scores and Requirements Illinois State University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 70% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 510 600 Math 500 590 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Illinois States admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Illinois State scored between 510 and 600, while 25% scored below 510 and 25% scored above 600. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 500 and 590, while 25% scored below 500 and 25% scored above 590. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1190 or higher will be particularly competitive for Illinois State. Requirements Illinois State University does not require the SAT writing section for admission. Note that Illinois State does not superscore the SAT; the admissions office will consider your highest composite score from a single sitting. ACT Scores and Requirements Illinois State requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 58% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 20 26 Math 19 26 Composite 20 26 This admissions data tells us that most of Illinois States admitted students fall within the top 49% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Illinois State received a composite ACT score between 20 and 26, while 25% scored above 26 and 25% scored below 20. Requirements Note that Illinois State does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. Illinois State does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Illinois States incoming freshmen class was 3.39, and over 58% of students had average GPAs of 3.25 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Illinois State University have primarily B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Illinois State University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Illinois State University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Illinois State University, which accepts 89% of applicants, has a slightly selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. Illinois State also requires that applicants complete a core high school curriculum including 4 years of English, 3 years of math, 2 years of natural science (including labs), 2 years of social science, and 2 years of foreign language or fine arts. Applicants with the strongest academic records have the best chance of admission. Note that some programs at Illinois State are more selective than others. Students with borderline grades or test scores are encouraged to submit an optional academic personal statement to explain their academic performance. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students, and most of them had a high school average of B- or higher, an ACT composite score of 18 or higher, and a combined SAT score (ERWM) of at least 950. An applicants chances for admission increase measurably with grades and test scores above these lower ranges. If You Like Illinois State University, You May Also Like These Schools Michigan State UniversityUniversity of MissouriPurdue UniversityIndiana University - BloomingtonNorthwestern UniversityOhio State University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Illinois State University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Needs for Dementia Patients Are Physical, Psychological,...

HNC Health Care Graded Unit – Planning I am currently in placement in a care home which provides long term care for elderly individuals. Following the Data Protection Act 1998, in order to preserve confidentiality, for the purpose of this activity the resident shall be referred to as Grace. Having assessed a number of residents needs I came to the conclusion that this individual would benefit most from this activity. The reasons for which I will outline below. Grace is an 87 year old female resident with a current diagnosis of mixed type dementia. Grace’s diagnosis of mixed dementia has resulted in a decline in her cognitive ability, especially her memory recall. This has also resulted in Grace being deemed to be a vulnerable adult and she†¦show more content†¦Grace has a history of UTI’s, a UTI is an infection that occurs when bacteria enters the urinary tract through the urethra. The bacteria then multiplies in the bladder, which can then lead to an infection of the kidneys as the kidneys are conn ected to the bladder by the ureters. UTI’s are prevalent in individuals with dementia due to individuals with dementia having a compromised immune system and less homeostatic control by the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the control centre of the endocrine system, it works using negative feedback, meaning it receives a signal that there is an imbalance of water in the body, it then sends a signal to the pituitary gland to release ADH, this then travels to the kidneys stimulating them to either absorb or release more water. This is known as osmoregulation. This imbalance of water in Grace is also contributing factor in her hypertension as if water balance is not controlled in the arteries this will increase her arterial pressure and thus increase her blood pressure. (Goulden, R.P. 1954) (McCormack and McCance. 2006) (Maggs, R. 2007) (Swales, J.D. 1995) When considering the influence of society on Grace’s health it is important to consider both Functionalist and Symbolic Interactionist theory, Functionalist theory would consider Grace to be a dysfunctional member of society as she is no longer contributingShow MoreRelatedI Found Vips Framework Is The Absolute Value Of All Human Lives Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pageshuman lives regardless of age or cognitive ability, each individual with dementia are special and need to approach differently, recognising uniqueness, understanding the world from the perspective of the person identified as needing support and providing a social environment that supports psychological needs. 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Notes on Ecosystems Free Essays

Topic 1: Ecosystems at Risk A. Ecosystems and Their Management 2. Vulnerability and Resilience of Ecosystems * Vunerability is the sensitivity of an ecosystem to cope with stress. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes on Ecosystems or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Resilience is the ability of an ecosystem (or a component of an ecosystem) to adapt to a changing environment and to restore function and structure following an episode of natural or human-induced stress. * All ecosystems function in a state of dynamic equilibrium or a continual state of balanced change. This state of dynamic equilibrium is the product of the interrelationship of the elements in the ecosystem: the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. * Change occurs because the interrelationship between minerals, energy and communities varies over time. * It is also the interdependence of these four elements that makes an ecosystem vulnerable. * A change beyond the limits of the equilibrium, in any of these elements, means that the system as a whole cannot exist in its original state. All ecosystems are, in a sense, vulnerable, but the level of vulnerability depends on how small a change is needed in any element to upset the equilibrium. * Ecosystems, are therefore, not equally at risk – some are more resilient than others. Which ecosystems have greater resilience? Resilience is the ability of an ecosystem (or component of an ecosystem) to adapt to a changing environment and to restore function and structure following an episode of natural or human- induced stress. Ecosystems rich in biodiversity generally have greater resilience than those with little diversity. They are able to recover more readily from naturally induced stress (including drought and fire) and human- induced habitat destruction. 2. Under what conditions does long-term degradation occur? Long-term degeneration occurs when the magnitude and duration of the stress exceed the ability of the component to repair itself. 3. Explain the process shown in Fig 1. 1. 28. Figure 1. 1. 28 shows the impact of stress on the functioning of ecosystems. It shows the Elasticity and the rate of recovery of an ecosystem property following disturbance. It also shows the rate of amplitude and the threshold level of strain beyond. The intensity and duration of stress is important in terms of the effect it has on ecosystems. 4. Outline how natural sources of stress can play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. These changes could be in response to changes in the availability of water, average temperature or many other natural events. In nature, these changes usually take place very slowly. The biome gradually adapts as animals and plant species that have characteristics unsuited to the change die out and those more suited the environment remains alive to breed and pass on their characteristics to successive generations. This process is known as natural selection. Causes of Ecosystem Vulnerability * All ecosystems have some ability to withstand stress. * They tend to resist being disturbed or altered and will restore themselves to their original condition if not disturbed too dramatically. * In other words, ecosystems maintain themselves within a tolerable range of conditions. A number of factors are relevant to the vulnerability of ecosystems to stress, including location, extent, biodiversity and linkages. a) Location * Where an ecosystem is will affect its functioning. * At a global scale, latitude, distance from the sea, and altitude play decisive roles in determining climate and ultimately the nature of particular ecosystems. * The microclimatic features of a location can be significant enough to create a range of distinctive ecosystem types within relatively small areas e. g. aspect. * Some ecosystems are located in nvironments that are extreme e. g. deserts, polar, hypersaline lagoons. * Organisms capable of living in such conditions are highly specialised. * The greater the degree of specialisation of an organism to a particular set of environmental conditions the more vulnerable it is to changes in those conditions e. g. coral * Corals are highly specialised organisms that flourish in the relatively shallow, nutrient-deficient waters of the tropics. †¢ * Any increase in nutrient levels promotes the growth of algae, which reduces the amount of sunlight available for coral growth. If high nutrient levels continue the corals become stressed, reefs contract in size and the number of coral species declines. * Coral is also sensitive to changes in water temperature, and flourish between 25 °C to 29 °C. * A small increase in the temperature can kill the coral polyp, leaving only the white calcium skeleton (coral bleaching). * Proximity to large concentrations of people is another important contributing factor to ecosystem vulnerability; demand for land grows as populations grow. Urban, industrial and agricultural land uses destroy natural ecosystems, while oceans, rivers and the atmosphere become dumping grounds for pollutants. b) Extent The extent (size) of any particular ecosystem is the product of a variety of factors. †¢ Recent research has shown that the boundaries of ecosystems tend to overlap each other. †¢ E. g. river ecosystems extended beyond the river channel to include the whole drainage system. †¢ Thus, human activity in the drainage basin can impact on the river itself even when it occurs some distance from the channel. E. g. may increase soil erosion †¢ A study showed that stoneflies and other creatures living in shallow wells on the flood plain of the river, up to 2km away from the river, mated along the riverbanks before returning to lay their eggs in the wells. †¢ This means the floodplain and the river cannot be considered as separate systems. †¢ Ecosystems that are restricted to relatively small areas or have already been distributed extensively are especially vulnerable †¢ Tropical rainforest, have relatively small populations of a large number of pecies confined to relatively small, localised communities †¢ Loss of small areas of rainforest can lead to extinction of plant and animal species †¢ Savanna grasslands, have large populations of a small number of species spread out over much larger areas †¢ Loss of a small area of grassland therefore need not result in the extinction of species. †¢ Large herbivores typical of these regions require extensive grazing areas †¢ c) Biodiversity Biodiversity is usually considered at three levels: genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. ) Genetic diversity – Genetic diversity is the variety of genetic information contained in all the individual plants, animals and micro-organisms †¢ Genetic diversity occurs within and between populations of species as well as between species. †¢ Genetic diversity favours the survival of a species, because it increases the chance that some members of the species will have characteristics that aid their survival †¢ Often a gene has costs as well as benefits †¢ A study has shown that peach potato aphids that are resistant to common pesticides are less able to survive ii) Species diversity – Species diversity is a measure of the number of species at each trophic level of an ecosystem †¢ The greater the species diversity the more robust the ecosystem †¢ If the population of one consumer organism crashers there are other producers available that can fulfil a similar function in the ecosystem †¢ When ecosystems are diverse, there is a range of pathways for the ecological processes, such as nutrient recycling †¢ If one pathway is damaged or destroyed, an alternative may be used and the ecosystem can continue to function at its normal level †¢ If the level of biodiversity is greatly diminished, the functioning of the ecosystem is put at risk †¢ The greater the level of diversity, the greater the opportunity to adapt to change †¢ Many diverse ecosystems are characterised by highly specialised organisms †¢ A species may be vulnerable even if the ecosystem as a whole is not †¢ iii) Ecosystem diversity – Ecosystem diversity refers to the diversity present within ecosystems in terms of habitat differences, biotic communit ies and the variety of ecological processes d) Linkages Interdependence, or linkages, is related to species diversity †¢ The greater the level of interdependence within an ecosystem the greater its ability to absorb change †¢ The loss of a primary consumer from a food web, e. g. s unlikely to have a major impact on secondary consumers if there is a range of alternative primary consumers on which to feed †¢ Ecosystems that have low levels of interdependence are much more vulnerable to change †¢ Krill are the dominant primary consumer organism and the main source of energy for some species of whale †¢ Interdependence can take very subtle forms e. g. some flowering plants can be fertilised by only one species of insect †¢ Anything that jeopardises this third organism, therefore, will affect the reproductive success of the flowing plant †¢ Primary consumers have highly specific food sources, and many parasitic organisms depend on specific hosts †¢ The same characteristics can be exploited by humans in t he biological control of pest species †¢ Large consumer animals may range across a number of small, localised ecosystems, having genetically adapted to the variations in all of them †¢ 1. Outline (using examples) how the level of interdependence within an ecosystem will affect its vulnerability. Interdependence, or linkages, is related to species diversity. The greater the level of interdependence within an ecosystem the greater its ability to absorb change. The loss of a primary consumer from a food web, e. g. is unlikely to have a major impact on secondary consumers if there is a range of alternative primary consumers on which to feed. Ecosystems that have low levels of interdependence are much more vulnerable to change 2. Give an example of the subtle forms this interdependence can take. Interdependence can take very subtle forms e. g. ome flowering plants can be fertilised by only one species of insect. This insect may turn, be dependent on some other organism for part of its life cycle. Case study: Vulnerability of Minnamurra Rainforest The Minnamurra rainforest is a small pocket of rainforest located on the South Coast of New South Wales near Kiama. The extent, biodiversity and location of the rainforest all work together to make this a vulnerable ecosystem. It is located close to urban development and is surrounded by farms. This increases the levels of pollutants entering the system and has lead to significant weed infestation. Natural and Human-Induced Environmental Stress Ecosystems are constantly changing and evolving in response to stress-induced changes within the total environment. * These changes may be brought about naturally e. g. drought, or may be human-induced e. g. deforestation. * Natural changes usually take place more slowly than human-induced changes and the biome gradually adapts as animals and plant species that have characteristics unsuited to the change die out, and those more suited to the new environment remain alive to breed and pass on their characteristics to successive generations (a process known as natural selection). * Sudden natural disasters have occurred from time to time which have caused whole species to die out almost instantly because they had no time to adapt, however this is rare. In contrast, human-induced changes are usually rapid and do not allow species to adapt. * The ability to instigate large-scale environmental change means that people are able to push the state of dynamic equilibrium beyond its limits. * This means that people have created situations where they are required to maintain a state of equilibrium by utilising resources found elsewhere e. g. the use of fertilisers and pesticides to maintain an agricultural monoculture, which would collapse without them. * Today, human activities destroy or seriously threaten species and destroy or degrade their habitat. Changes affecting ecosystems by cause and rate |Catastrophic |Gradual | |Natural sources of environmental stress |Drought |Climatic Change | | |Flood |Immigration of new species | | |Fire |Adaptation/evolution | | |Volcanic eruption |Ecological succession | | |Earth Quake |disease | | |Landslide | | | |Change in stream course | | | |Disease | | |Human-induced sources of environmental stress |Deforestation |Irrigation- salinization, waterlogging | | |Overgrazing |Soil compaction | | |Ploughing |Depletion of ground water | | |Erosion |Water/air pollution | | |Pesticide application |Loss and degradation of wildlife activity | | |Fire |Elimination of pests and predators | | |Mining |Introduction of new species | | |Toxic Contamination |Overhunting/Overfishing | |Urbanisation |Toxic contamination | | |Water/Air pollution |Urbanisation | | |Loss and degradation of wildlife activity |Excess ive tourism | a) Natural environmental stress * Some natural sources of stress can be catastrophic and cause very rapid change e. g. droughts, floods, fire, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, disease, tsunamis and cyclones. * Most natural sources of environmental stress are more gradual and do allow species to adapt e. g. climatic change, immigration, adaption/evolution, ecological succession, disease, geographical isolation. Climate change was thought to be the reason behind the extinction of the dinosaur. * Ecological succession involves one species gradually taking over an environment from another as circumstances within the environment change e. g. as a climate becomes drier, drought-resistant species will gradually take over. Some of the effects of environmental stress Organism Level Physiological and biological changes Psychological disorders Behavioural changes Fewer or no offspring Genetic defects in offspring Cancers Population Level Population increase or decrease Change in age structure Survival of different genetic strains based on stress threshold Loss of genetic diversity Extinction Community-ecosystem level Disruption of energy flows -Decrease or increase in solar energy uptake and heat output -Changes in trophic structure in food chains and webs Disruption of chemical cycles -Depletion of essential nutrients -excessive nutrient levels Simplification -reduction in species diversity -reduction or elimination of habitats -less complex food webs -possibility of lowered stability -possibility of ecosystem collapse Case study: Mt. St. Helens volcanic eruption 18th may 1980 at MT st Helens Washington state. A large volcanic eruption disrupts the natural order. New populations of flora and fauna were beginning to colonise the harsh environment. The new ecosystem formed and the process of regeneration was observed as the organisms with enough resilience survived and repaired. b) Human-induced environmental stress * People play a role in maintaining or disturbing the dynamic equilibrium of any ecosystem. * The impacts of human activity have a global dimension, operating within the context of an interdependent global environment. * Global co-operation is needed to address the threats to the world’s biophysical environment. * The causes of environmental degradation in today’s world include: – massive population growth – developing world poverty and the crippling burden of debt – non-sustainable agricultural practices in many countries environmentally damaging industrialisation and exploitation of natural resources, especially in poor countries struggling for export earnings * Each of these issues need to be effectively dealt with if humans are to combat environmental degradation. * Human threats to biodiversity include: – species introductions – habitat destruction – hunting/trade in animal products – pollution * The World Conservation Union’s analysis of animal extinctions since 1600 found that 39% resulted from species introductions, 36% from habitat destruction and 23% from deliberate extermination. answer the questions from the information on page 32-33 1. Outline the history of human-induced change. Humans have induced change in ecosystems since very early days in their evolution. The effects have been either caused intentionally or inadvertently. eg: Aboriginals burnt bushland to aid in hunting as well as inadvertently promoting growth and shaping the Australian bushland through natural selection promoting growth. 2. Outline how humans have simplified natural ecosystems and what this has resulted in the need for. Humans have been shaping ecosystems for their benefit. In this process the useful parts of the ecosystem have remained and the other parts have changed or died out. This process has also simplified the ecosystem in some cases making it unable to support itself. Eg crops, farms require money and time for upkeep. 3. What is the great environmental challenge for humans? The great challenge that humans face with their environment is to maintain a healthy balance between simplified ecosystems and neighbouring complex ecosystems. 4. Outline the ways in which humans modify natural vegetation, and the ability of the affected ecosystems to recover in each case. Human induced change can be either intentional, inadvertent or a result of negligence. The changes made can result in complete ecological destruction but occasionally the ecosystem can adapt due to its resilience and survive with the change. The Nature of Human-induced Modifications – Human-induced modifications to ecosystems may be either intentional or inadvertent. – In some cases they are the result of negligence on the part of people. i) Intentional ecosystem change Humans bring about intentional ecosystem change for human benefit. An example of this can be found in the aboriginal burning for easier hunting or simply clearing land and producing food from crops or livestock. ii) Inadvertent ecosystem change ? These are changes that are not intended, but occur indirectly as a result of human activity. ? Meeting the needs and wants of humankind and a rapidly increasing human population will inevitably bring about large-scale environmental change. ? Unlike other species, humans have the ability to transfer resources from one region to another and to modify ecosystems in order to sustain continued population growth. Examples of human activities and the inadvertent effects they have include: Farming – Reduction of biodiversity, destruction of habitats, soil erosion, introduction of harmful pesticides killing native flora/fauna. Urbanisation- Total destruction of habitat, fragmentation of habitat destruction of ecosystem linkages, Increased pollution affecting surrounding ecosystems, Destruction of ozone o3 layer through use of cfcs iii) Ecosystem change caused through negligence People sometimes cause environmental change through negligence. Some of the more notorious examples of humanity’s failure to protect ecosystems at risk are the: ? Explosion of the reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Ukraine ? Minamata children being poisoned by mercury accumulated in the food chain ? Grounding of the Exxon Valdez in Prince William Sound, Alaska which caused widespread environmental destruction Consequences of human-induced changes . Human induce change is occurring worldwide in ecosystems. . The magnitude and rate of change is closely linked to human population size. . Salinization and desertification are two large scale problems with deforestation a major cause of ecosystem destruction through change. . Almost 11 million ha of land is degraded each year. Takes between 100 and 250 years for topsoil to build up in an area, can be destroyed in less than 10 by human activity. How to cite Notes on Ecosystems, Papers

Human Resource Management for Communication -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Management for Communication Skills. Answer: Introduction The recruitment and selection is one of the most important jobs of the human resource department, which is responsible for reduction of turnover in the company (Beardwell Thompson, 2014). The process of recruitment is concerned with the creation of a suitable pool of employees and selecting the best candidate from them. The organizations employ number of background checks as well as recruiting methods for employing the best possible candidate. These processes ensure that the organizational productivity is increased and the employees contribute to the organizational success (Beardwell Thompson, 2014). This is a changing business world and companies need to recruit people who are loyal, adaptable, confident, dependant and knowledgeable in their own aspects. There is also the requirement of good team bonding and good communication skills, which have become pre-requisites of getting employed in multinational companies. This essay would discuss some good literary works by implementing c ritical or analytical thinking. The corresponding HR theories and concepts would also be discussed. Discussion As defined by Beardwell and Thompson (2014), the strategic human resource management of the firm is concerned with the process of linking the social, human and the intellectual capital of the employees by fulfilling the strategic needs of the company. The screening process should be a powerful one in which the candidates are judged on the basis of what they can offer to the company (Beardwell Thompson, 2014). The company should use strong judgmental capabilities to determine the strategic fit of the concerned candidates and if they are able to fulfill the organizational goals. It is important to understand the job hopping tendency of the candidates, which is concerned with the tendency of the candidates in moving quickly from one job to the other (Chelladurai Kerwin, 2017). The recruiters should pay attention to the duration of the concerned candidates at their previous jobs as well as carefully monitor their references (Beardwell Thompson, 2014). This would make them retain these candidates for longer period of time by eliminating the employees who have a tendency of switching jobs frequently. As argued by (Brewster, Mayrhofer and Morley (2016), the employees gets demotivated if they are faced with a gradual decrease in their responsibility. In such instances, the employees feel insulted and they tend to disconnect with the organization. As opined by (Leong (2014), the Krumboltz theory focuses on the fact that there is a need of the people to change within the transforming labour market. The management of the life transitions is an important consideration in the career management skills of the employees. This theory focuses on the need of planned activities in recruitment process from the point of view of the candidates (Beardwell Thompson, 2014). The planned recruitment as well as selection of the employees would makes sure that they stay in the organization As opposed by Patton and McMahon (2014), the Hollands Theory of Career Choice, the employees are known to prefer jobs in which they find similar kind of people around them or there are employees in the organization, whom they like them (Beardwell Thompson, 2014). The employees choose job roles and prefer the work environments in which they would be able to use their abilities as well as skills in a better way. This theory is helpful in the recruitment and sele ction of the people in which the employees are free to express their values and attitudes, while they have an effective affinity between the environment and the personality (Beardwell Thompson, 2014). The employees who have favorable job environment in the organization are more likely to be loyal in the organization and this is because of the fact that the employees tend to enjoy their stay in the firm. The Holland theory is concerned with the personality types such as investigative, realistic, social, artistic, conventional and enterprising (Beardwell Thompson, 2014). It is presumed that while recruiting, if the candidates possess such qualities, then there would be less attrition rate of the organizations. The good recruitment as well as selection of the employees would lead to understanding of the attitudes and mind set of the employees (Call et al. 2015). The fresh talents should be scrutinized well and their value system should be measured. An effective HR would come to known if the employee is grounded enough and his individual objectives are aligned to the organizational objectives or not. The recruitment process prepares the candidates well so that they can perform their duties well in the organization (Beardwell Thompson, 2014). This would automatically lead to a subsequent decrease in the turnover level of the firm, since the employee is likely to continue in the organization for longer duration (Call et al., 2015). In the instance that the right candidate is not recruited, then it may result in the creation of chaos as well as imbalance in the organization. The recruitment process plays a vital role in creating balance as well as harmony in the organization. As commented by Breaugh (2017), an effective recruitment process would also enable the employees to understand if they would be able to work in the organization. The recruitment process should not only check the quality of the candidates, but it should also provide adequate information to the candidates regarding the organizational mission, values, culture and the reporting types (Call et al., 2015). This would also increase the chances of employee remaining in the organization for quite some years. This is because of the fact that if there is a match between the organization and the employees, then there would be positive recruitment and if the employee is unable to accept the terms and conditions of the employer, then he or she would simply not join the organization (Krueger Casey, 2014). This would automatically indicate the fact the organization would be having a stable and low attrition rate. As stated by Glaser (2017), the grounded theory methodology often helps the researchers in expanding the knowledge as well as application of the HR practices in the process of recruitment and retention. This theory enables the interviewers to let the candidates express freely and hence follow the path of the interview (Call et al., 2015). This kind of interview has no rigid structure and hence it leads to the development of new knowledge as well as comprehension. If the interviewee is subjected to more liberal approach in the interviews, then he or she should have the perception that the organization is considerate about them and would support them whenever required (Call et al., 2015). This would increase the overall employee satisfaction and there would be good organizational culture. This would also mean an increase in the productivity as well as loyalty factor of the employees (Gentles et al., 2014). The recruiter should be aware of the strengths as well as weakness of the employ ees so that they can be channelized in the right direction. This factor would also lead to less attrition rate of the employees as they would be enjoying their stay in the organization. The views of Palinkas et al. (2015) indicate that the recruitment and the selection process also implies the internal recruitment methods used. This primarily comprises of the internal promotion method selected and the transfer of the employees into more suitable job roles. The internal promotion is always positive for the company and it boosts the employee morale. If the internal recruitment is done in a correct manner, then it would surely affect the wellbeing of the employees and they would be delighted to perform better at the new job role (Call et al., 2015). This also implies the fact the employees would be satisfied to give higher productivity in their new job roles. This implies that the organization would be able to retain the employees for a longer duration. The recruitment process should make the business profitable and it should be efficient in the long run. This process should identify the candidate who would be useful for the organization in the long run (Call et al., 2015). The recruitment process should not only match the qualification of the candidates but it should also look for candidates who are aligned with the core values of the company (Bartneck et al., 2015). The recruited candidate should fit into the organizational culture in a perfect manner. The organizations should also look for the fact that if the concerned candidates are able to adjust with the organizational values. The organization should understand the fact that if there is improper recruitment and the selection of the wrong person, then there would be high turnover of the company. This would not only imply a great financial loss but it would also damage the reputation of the company. (Anitha, (2014) states that the recruitment process should enhance the career path of the employees. This is because of the fact that the job should be vital in shaping the career of the employee and this should act as the guiding factor. The positive attitude would help in the higher performance of the employees and hence there would be improved customer perceptions of the firm. The positive attitude would also mean that there would be enhanced customer satisfaction as more number of customers would be eager to purchase the products or services of the firm (Call et al., 2015). This also makes it sure that the employees are given perks and benefits, which would help them in increasing their motivation levels. This would also ensure that the employees would not be eager to leave the organization and join some other firms. Conclusion The recruitment and the selection process would comprise of the effective tactics that would be needed to deal with the process of attrition. It is important to make the employees stay for longer duration by providing those adequate facilities as well as career progression paths. The recruitment and the selection process would be altered so that it satisfies the interests of the firm in the best possible way. The organizations should strive to make more effective recruitment policies so that they are able to retain the candidates for longer time period. It is important for the companies to focus on retaining the new candidates for longer time period so that there is an overall increase in the organizational productivity. References Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bartneck, C., Duenser, A., Moltchanova, E., Zawieska, K. (2015). Comparing the similarity of responses received from studies in Amazons Mechanical Turk to studies conducted online and with direct recruitment.PloS one,10(4), e0121595. Beardwell, J., Thompson, A. (2014).Human resource management: a contemporary approach. Pearson Education. Breaugh, J. A. (2017). to Recruitment.The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention, 12. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W., Morley, M. (Eds.). (2016).New challenges for European resource management. Springer. Call, M. L., Nyberg, A. J., Ployhart, R. E., Weekley, J. (2015). The dynamic nature of collective turnover and unit performance: the impact of time, quality, and replacements.Academy of Management Journal,58(4), 1208-1232. Chelladurai, P., Kerwin, S. (2017).Human resource management in sport and recreation. Human Kinetics. Gentles, S. J., Jack, S. M., Nicholas, D. B., McKibbon, K. (2014). 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